內蒙古牧民的抗議活動
內蒙抗議活動引發全球蒙人集會聲援。週一（2011.05.30），在東京、華盛頓、阿姆斯特丹和斯德哥爾摩均有蒙人組織的示威遊行活動。其中東京集會的規模達到300人以上。德國之聲記者亦趕往了分會場之一--荷蘭阿姆斯特丹水壩廣場。


內蒙古西烏旗牧民莫日根因抗議當地煤礦開發商被大卡車軋死，引發內蒙當地超過2000人規模的群眾抗議。為響應內蒙學生和牧民的呼籲，名為"內蒙古人權保衛同盟"的民間團體，於週一在全球各地組織了聲援集會， 要求保護在內蒙古地區已經成為少數的蒙族人的權益。

德國之聲記者趕往了集會活動的分會場之--阿姆斯特丹的水壩廣場（de Dam）。中午12點，到場人士拿出事先準備好的標語和各族旗幟，站在廣場上的國家紀念碑前（National Monument）開始集會。集會者輪流發言，並呼喊了"自由蒙古"，"自由西藏"和"自由中國"等口號。

必須以法律保護草原

由於內蒙局勢逐漸升級，中共內蒙當局一方面調集警力，防範大規模抗議示威活動。據德新社報導，呼和浩特市已有大量警察在街頭巡邏和站崗。而另一方面，自治區書記前往事發地西烏旗，與示威學生溝通，並許諾"從嚴從重從快"處理肇事者。西烏旗的黨委書記海明也被解職。對此，活動的發起者、海外內蒙人權活動人士席海明在集會時說：

"我認為應該通過法律，而不是所謂"運動式"的嚴懲。你把肇事者千刀萬剮也沒有用，最主要還是要避免今後發生類似的事情。內蒙古人大應該根據《草原法》制定相關的草原管理條例，做出具體的規定：破壞草原，要判幾年刑。真正地通過法律來保護草原，保護蒙古人的傳統文化和利益。這是一定要補的，不補蒙古人就活不下去了。等到莫日根的孩子長大的時候就連草場也沒有了。今天有一個莫日根出來，明天還有一兩千個。"

席海明認為，現行的法律不足以保護內蒙草原，他說："現行法律總是說酌情處理，沒有具體規定，所以有人幹完壞事也沒事。政府在理論上也提保護草原，不是說每次（破壞）活動都是共產黨佈置的。只是共產黨沒有真正按法律來約束自己的行為。貪官和奸商勾結起來，草原就越來越壞。"

各族流亡人士表示聲援

在集會中，各族人士代表也紛紛到場。其中，來自荷蘭的流亡藏人德根哈特女士（Shiba K. Degenhart），荷蘭維吾爾人聯盟的愛爾江（Gairatjem），歐洲漢藏協會的湯志敏女士都紛紛發言，聲援內蒙古民眾的抗議活動。其中來自德國的民間學者仲維光說道：

"我們在海外生活這麼多年已經深刻體會到，由於不掌握當地語言，不了解當地文化所帶來的痛苦。 而實際上，每個民族的文化都有其可貴之處，沒有一個文化可以凌駕於別的文化。所以，我覺得作為一個漢族來說，當自己遇到問題的時候，少數民族的弟兄們處於更加艱難的環境中。"

到場的各族人士儘管在聲源蒙古抗議上達成了一致，但對於未來中國走向的意見則有分歧。漢族和蒙族人士都認為通過聯邦制實行共和是個比較好的選擇，但維族代表則堅持希望在未來能實現新疆的真正獨立。

"圍觀群眾"意見不一

在集會過程中，路過的各國遊客紛紛駐足觀看，或攝影留念。部分"圍觀群眾"也發表了自己的看法。

一名路過的塞爾維亞遊客則告訴記者："在塞爾維亞我們也有同樣的問題，我們仍然在抗爭。但是我們和西方國家之間也同樣有問題，我們也在抗爭。"

一名荷蘭教師的看法則代表了當地居民的意見："在荷蘭，我們也有少數民族。但重要的是，他們有選擇自己生存方式的權利。"

5月30日，中國國家主席胡錦濤在政治局會議上要求各地加強社會管控，包括互聯網管制，以防止中國出現大規模的社會風險。此令下達後，蒙古抗議活動會如何發展，我們仍然拭目以待。



作者：李立

責編：李魚

• MAY 30, 2011

China Clamps Down in Bid to Halt Protests in Inner Mongolia

By BRIAN SPEGELE

REUTERS

Police, in black, and paramilitary police arrest protesters in Xilinhot last week.

BEIJING—Chinese police clamped heavy controls across Inner Mongolia on Sunday after a week of ethnic protests by students over the hit-and-run killing of a Mongolian herder by a Chinese truck driver.

The incident exposed simmering tensions in the resource-rich region, which so far has largely escaped the violence that has plagued China's Tibetan and Muslim regions.

Police across the region were requiring students to obtain permission and to register with authorities before leaving university campuses in an effort to keep protesters off the streets.

Meanwhile, authorities blocked searches for terms such as "Inner Mongolia" on Internet sites such as Sina Weibo, China's most active microblogging service, to try to prevent the upheavals from spreading.

China Real Time

• Political Star's Career Hinges on Protests

Reached by telephone on Sunday, ethnic Han Chinese residents of Hohhot, the region's capital, described paramilitary police in riot gear concentrated in the city's main square. SMS messages to local residents from police said authorities were prepared to "intensify the crackdown."

Residents in other parts of the region shaken by last week's protests said demonstrations had subsided Sunday afternoon, but online postings called for protests to begin Monday in Hohhot.

At least 18 protesters were injured and 40 detained by police last week during protests by ethnic Mongolian students, according to rights groups.

The protests began on May 23 after a Mongolian herder was killed by a person whom authorities describe as an ethnic Chinese truck driver. Details of the incident, including where it occurred, are sketchy. Authorities say they have arrested the driver of a truck and a passenger.

Inner Mongolia is a vast region spanning about 2,400 kilometers (about 1,500 miles) across the top of northeast China. It has a population of just 24 million but has become one of China's fastest-growing regions economically because of its vast reserves of coal and other natural resources, whose prices have been rocketing. The region is a critical producer of rare-earths elements, which are increasingly required in high-tech devices and weaponry but are almost exclusively mined in China.

About 20% of Inner Mongolia's population is ethnic Mongolian, while China's majority Han ethnic group dominates the region. Though outright protest in Inner Mongolia has been rare in recent years, the government struggled to suppress an aggressive Mongolian independence movement in the early 1990s.

In one of the biggest of the recent protests, some 2,000 ethnic Mongolian students took to the streets in the city of Xilinhot on Wednesday, according to Amnesty International, a London-based rights group. On Friday, hundreds of protesters marched on government offices in Shuluun Huh Banner, calling on Chinese authorities to give greater respect and rights to traditional Mongolian herders in the region, the group reported. A banner is a traditional Mongolian division for land and is roughly equivalent to a county—the basic administrative unit in other parts of China.

In a bid to quell the protests, the region's top Communist Party official met with students on Friday. "Please rest assured, teachers and students, the suspects will punished severely and quickly, in accordance with legal procedures," said the party chief, Hu Chunhua, according to a report by the state-run Inner Mongolia Daily.

Phone calls to police public-relations departments in multiple areas affected by the protests went unanswered Sunday.

Inner Mongolia, designated one of China's "autonomous regions" due to its sizable ethnic minority population, has seen little of the strife witnessed in other parts of northern and western China, particularly the regions of Tibet and Xinjiang, where protests have turned deadly in recent years. Clashes between Han and Uyghur ethnic groups in July 2009 in the northwestern province of Xinjiang left nearly 200 dead. Similar unrest in 2008 in the Tibetan capital of Lhasa killed about 20, according to government totals.

"The protests are a wake-up call for the authorities," said Catherine Baber, Amnesty International's Asian-Pacific deputy director. "As in other minority areas, authorities must start heeding the message rather than attacking the messengers."

Inner Mongolia has become an increasingly important coal-producing region in recent years. It has more than 730 billion metric tons of verified coal deposits with annual output of around 600 million metric tons, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. The region is at the center of massive government infrastructure-improvement efforts, which aim to make inland China's resources more easily available to the country's resource-hungry east.

—Yang Jie contributed to this article.

Write to Brian Spegele at brian.spegele@wsj.com