江春男：天安門的亡魂

2014年06月05日00:10

新一代的中國人，對天安門事件沒有記憶，不知道當時北京有數十萬人走上街頭，呼喊民主要求改革，二百多個城市響應，參加者包括學生，工人，小企業主，教授，法官，幹部和警察，這是中共建政以來，最大規模的民主改革運動。

不同的統計結果顯示，在北京和其他城巿，有數百人至上千人遇難，中國政府從未公布統計數字，當時的北京巿長陳希同則稱，約200平民和數十名軍人在鎮壓反革命暴動中死亡，由受難家屬組成的天安門母親則收集200多死難者姓名。

事件後，上百人被處死刑，一萬多人入獄，千人逃亡海外，中共總書記趙紫陽下台軟禁，直至死亡。中國禁止公開討論此事，任何紀念活動嚴厲禁止，彷彿此事從未發生。

其實，今天中共政治局二十五位委員中，有六位曾參與六四前夕的許多活動，包括李克強，王岐山和俞正聲在內，他們都了解六四事件的前因後果。

從1978到1989，中國有一段相對開放的時刻，西方憲政民主被視為普世價值，但六四之後，西方價值逐漸被中國模式所取代，中共努力塑造自己的理論體系，向西方價值挑戰。中國崛起後，也開始挑戰原有的國際秩序。

從六四至今，中國的經濟追英趕美，突飛猛進，中國的行政體系和政治技術有很大進步，但在政治理想方面卻不斷倒退，甚至想與西方民主憲政互別苗頭。

但是中共不敢面對自己，天安門的亡魂，二十五年來不斷敲打中國的良心。

Tiananmen anniversary marked at huge Hong Kong vigil

As Juliana Liu reports, there were also protesters who disagreed with the vigil

Tiananmen at 25

Tens of thousands have gathered in Hong Kong for the only major commemoration in China of the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre in Beijing.

The organisers said some 180,000 attended the vigil, but the police put the crowd size at just under 100,000.
The city retains civil liberties not permitted to mainland Chinese.
The 1989 protesters wanted political reform, but the crackdown was ordered after hardliners won a power struggle within the ruling Communist Party.
In Beijing, the authorities have imposed blanket security, particularly on Tiananmen Square, to prevent any attempts to mark the anniversary.
Dozens of activists were detained in the run-up to the anniversary, with foreign journalists ushered away from the square on Wednesday.
Lights out The Chinese authorities classify the 1989 protests as counter-revolutionary riots and hold no memorial.
But in Hong Kong a large crowd joined the Tiananmen remembrance rally, which has been held every year since the massacre.

At the scene: Juliana Liu, Hong Kong correspondent Hong Kong is a special Chinese city with a high level of autonomy, where civil liberties like freedom of speech and assembly are guaranteed. Here, people from all walks of life were allowed to gather openly to mourn the violent suppression of a peaceful protest in Beijing in 1989.
It was a solemn, emotional evening filled with music and video appearances from well-known Chinese dissidents. They called on the Chinese government to apologise for the crackdown, to come clean on exactly what happened and on how many people were killed, and to commit themselves to democratic reforms.

Candlelight vigil at Hong Kong's Victoria Park on 4 June 2014

The candles turned Hong Kong's Victoria Park into a sea of flickering light

Students address the crowd to commemorate China's 1989 Tiananmen Square events during a candlelight vigil in Hong Kong on 4 June 2014.

Participants wore white headbands with the writing "4 June 25 years"

With the lights turned out, people raised candles in the dark as the names of those who died in Beijing on 4 June 1989 were read over loudspeakers.
"Let (Chinese President) Xi Jinping see the lights of the candles," rally organiser Lee Cheuk-Yan was quoted by the AFP news agency as saying.
Activist groups in Taiwan also marked the anniversary. Taiwanese President Ma Ying-jeou described China's crackdown as "an enormous historical wound".
Both the Taiwanese and Japanese governments urged Beijing to use the memory of the protests to improve its attitude to human rights.
Vietnam has broken its long silence on the massacre. State media were highly critical of the Chinese government in a sign of the growing tension between the two countries over territorial disputes in the South China Sea.

Tiananmen protests

From 1978, China opened up its economy to the world, but communists maintained total control over politics
In 1989, hundreds of thousands gathered in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to call for political reform
Protesters remained in the square for weeks while a power struggle raged within the ruling Communist Party
Hardliners prevailed and gave the order to remove the protesters by force; hundreds were massacred in nearby streets

Timeline: Tiananmen protests
Why the protests still matter
Chinese media quiet on anniversary
In pictures: Tiananmen protests
Struggling against Tiananmen censors

In Tiananmen Square itself, passers-by were searched and had their papers checked.
Some of the relatives of those killed in the massacre were allowed to visit the graves of their loved ones under police guard.
Rights group Amnesty International said in a statement that 66 people had been detained, questioned or had gone missing.

Armed Chinese police stand guard near Tiananmen Square in Beijing on June 4

Paramilitary police joined regular forces to control Tiananmen Square, in the centre of Beijing

A Chinese paramilitary policeman watches over tourists on Tiananmen Square in Beijing, June 4

But Chinese tourists thronged the square as usual, and seemed to notice little out of the ordinary

The US on Wednesday called on the Chinese authorities "to account for those killed, detained or missing in connection with events surrounding 4 June 1989".
Internet search terms related to the 1989 massacre and the protests have been blocked in China, and access on Google has reportedly been restricted.

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Archive: Kate Adie reports as Chinese troops fire on protesters
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-27702206