最新調查顯示﹐每十名成年中國人中有一人已經是糖尿病患者﹐另有16%的人已處在患病的邊緣。這一結果與美國11%的患病率已十分接近﹐超過了德國和加拿大等其它西方國家。
二型糖尿病的風險因素包括﹕
•家族遺傳
•年齡45歲及以上
•身高體重指數(BMI)達到或超過25
•高血壓
•高膽固醇
•某些種族因素
信息來源﹕美國糖尿病協會
國際糖尿病聯合會(International Diabetes Federation)流行病學家懷汀(David Whiting)說﹐無論從經濟還是從健康效應而言﹐變化速度都非常快﹔其增長率比歐洲和美國要快得多。懷汀未參與此次調查。
高血壓和心臟病等慢性病的患病率在中國等快速發展的國家一直呈穩步上升趨勢。這裡的人們正從農村進入城市﹐生活中更多時間處於久坐的狀態。
更富裕的生活導致飲食習慣的全面改變﹐食用含鹽量高的食物、高脂肪的肉類和含糖的零食等不良習慣導致肥胖率高漲。成人糖尿病患者中有90%至95%屬於II型糖尿病﹐而肥胖是一個主要風險因素。
江蘇省人民醫院心血管教授黃峻（音）說﹐人們吃的高熱量和加工食品比以前更多﹐再加上運動量減少﹐因此糖尿病患者數量增加。20年前﹐人們在工作日還能睡個午覺﹐而現在人們面臨著賺更多的錢養家買房的壓力。黃峻所在的醫院位於中國江蘇省省會南京﹐他並未參加此次研究。
過去30年的研究顯示中國糖尿病患病率呈逐漸攀升趨勢。研究報告的主要作者──北京中日友好醫院醫生楊文英說﹐2007年至2008年進行的最近一次研究顯示患病率驟增﹐主要是由於採用了更嚴格的檢驗手段。
早 期的全國性研究只依靠一項血糖耐受試驗﹐而此次對近50,000人進行的調查通過兩小時後再次檢驗血糖水平的方法發現了許多新的患者。這是世界衛生組織 (World Health Organization)推薦的檢驗方法。研究發現﹐一半以上的糖尿病患者不知道自己有病。
研究確有某些侷限性﹐採樣人群中女性和城鎮居民偏多﹐城市與農村樣本數量之比為152:112。楊文英稱自己對研究結果表示吃驚﹐並已通報中國衛生部。她說已有計劃推廣一個全國性的預防策略。
人的身體若不能調節血糖便會患糖尿病。它是心臟病的主要風險因素之一。而在中國這個世界人口最多的國家﹐心臟病仍是最大的健康殺手。
世界衛生組織駐馬尼拉區域辦事處慢性病專家貝爾(Colin Bell)說﹐我不認為這是中國獨有的現象﹐但患病率高當然令人擔心。它突出表明中國需要強有力的預防和治療計劃。
去年的另一項研究也凸顯了類似的問題。研究預計到2025年﹐全球3.8億糖尿病患者中將有60%以上的患者位於世界人口最多的地區──亞太地區。
中國和印度已經擁有全世界最多的患者﹐但其它幾個國家的人均患病率更高。國際糖尿病聯合會預計﹐在太平洋島國瑙魯﹐高達30%的居民患有糖尿病。
此次中國研究的採樣工作從2007年6月開始﹐到2008年5月結束﹐涉及全國14個省市。國際衛生組織預計﹐2006至2015年間﹐糖尿病、心臟病和中風將耗費中國5,580億美元。
本文譯自美聯社(Associated Press)
Elections | 26.03.2010
Shoe queen Imelda Marcos kicks off election campaign
The Philippines is gearing up for a huge election extravaganza on May 10 when some 50 million voters will choose a new president, a vice-president, almost 300 lawmakers in the two-chamber Congress and some 17,600 local government seats.
Imelda Marcos, whose children Ferdinand Junior and Imee are running for senator and governor positions respectively, said at the start of her campaign on Friday that the three of them were united "to ensure the nation will be great again."
The 80-year-old, who was notorious for unbridled extravagance and for her thousands of shoes during her husband's dictatorship said she was "so excited".
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Imelda Marcos points looks at some of her 200 shoes on display at the Shoe Museum in Marikina City
Addressing the needs of the poor
Insisting that her age would not prevent her from serving the people, Marcos promised to make the government more responsive to the need of the country's millions of poor.
She added she would ensure that health, education and other basic services became accessible in remote parts of the country.
According to poll indications, all three Marcos candidates are likely to win their respective political bids. This might help to remove the stigma attached to the family's 20-year rule, which was marred by allegations of corruption and human rights abuses.
Ferdinand Marcos ruled the Philippines with an iron fist from 1965 to 1986.
A family comeback
Observers attribute the family's comeback to the fact that many today in the Philippines believe the situation is worse today.
Arroyo's nine-year rule has been overshadowed by similar accusations of corruption and human rights abuse.
Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Frontrunner "Noynoy" is the son of late President Corazon AquinoMoreover, experts says that much of the population of 90 million seems more worried about its survival as widespread poverty affects over a third than about abuses that took place in the past.
Polls often marred by violence
Election campaigns in the Philippines are often marred by violence, allegations of election fraud and corruption. This year, dozens have already died in election-related violence. There is a great deal of speculation that there could be an assassination or a coup.
In the opinion polls, Gilberto "Gibo" Teodoro, the administration's presidential candidate, is currently running fourth behind contesters Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino, Manuel "Manny" Villar and deposed former president Joseph Estrada.
Current President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is not allowed to run again after two terms. She is also contesting for a seat in the House of Representatives with Imelda Marcos and boxing champion Manny Pacquiao.
act / dpa / AFP / Reuters
Editor: Disha Uppal
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