Press Freedom Index 2011-2012
http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=1043
THE RANKING
In order to have a bigger spread in the scores and increase the differentiation between countries, this year’s questionnaire had more answers assigning negative points. That is why countries at the top of the index have negative scores this year. Although the point system has produced a broader distribution of scores than in 2010, each country’s evolution over the years can still be plotted by comparing its position in the index rather than its score. This is what the arrows in the table refer to – a country’s change in position in the index compared with the preceding year.
| Rank | Country | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Finland | -10,00 |  |
| - | Norway | -10,00 | |
| 3 | Estonia | -9,00 |  |
| - | Netherlands | -9,00 |  |
| 5 | Austria | -8,00 | |
| 6 | Iceland | -7,00 | |
| - | Luxembourg | -7,00 | |
| 8 | Switzerland | -6,20 | |
| 9 | Cape Verde | -6,00 |  |
| 10 | Canada | -5,67 | |
| - | Denmark | -5,67 | |
| 12 | Sweden | -5,50 |  |
| 13 | New Zealand | -5,33 | |
| 14 | Czech Republic | -5,00 | |
| 15 | Ireland | -4,00 | |
| 16 | Cyprus | -3,00 | |
| - | Jamaica | -3,00 | |
| - | Germany | -3,00 | |
| 19 | Costa Rica | -2,25 | |
| 20 | Belgium | -2,00 | |
| - | Namibia | -2,00 | |
| 22 | Japan | -1,00 | |
| - | Surinam | -1,00 | |
| 24 | Poland | -0,67 | |
| 25 | Mali | 0,00 | |
| - | OECS | 0,00 | |
| - | Slovakia | 0,00 | |
| 28 | United Kingdom | 2,00 | |
| 29 | Niger | 2,50 | |
| 30 | Australia | 4,00 | |
| - | Lithuania | 4,00 | |
| 32 | Uruguay | 4,25 | |
| 33 | Portugal | 5,33 | |
| 34 | Tanzania | 6,00 | |
| 35 | Papua New Guinea | 9,00 | |
| 36 | Slovenia | 9,14 | |
| 37 | El Salvador | 9,30 | |
| 38 | France | 9,50 | |
| 39 | Spain | 9,75 | |
| 40 | Hungary | 10,00 | |
| 41 | Ghana | 11,00 | |
| 42 | South Africa | 12,00 | |
| - | Botswana | 12,00 | |
| 44 | South Korea | 12,67 | |
| 45 | Comoros | 13,00 | |
| - | Taiwan | 13,00 | |
| 47 | United States of America | 14,00 | |
| - | Argentina | 14,00 | |
| - | Romania | 14,00 | |
| 50 | Latvia | 15,00 | |
| - | Trinidad and Tobago | 15,00 | |
| 52 | Haiti | 15,67 | |
| 53 | Moldova | 16,00 | |
| 54 | Hong-Kong | 17,00 | |
| - | Mauritius | 17,00 | |
| - | Samoa | 17,00 | |
| 57 | United States of America (extra-territorial) | 19,00 | |
| 58 | Malta | 19,50 | |
| - | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 19,50 | |
| - | Guyana | 19,50 | |
| 61 | Italy | 19,67 | |
| 62 | Central African Republic | 20,00 | |
| 63 | Lesotho | 21,00 | |
| - | Sierra Leone | 21,00 | |
| - | Tonga | 21,00 | |
| 66 | Mozambique | 21,50 | |
| 67 | Mauritania | 22,20 | |
| 68 | Croatia | 23,33 | |
| - | Burkina Faso | 23,33 | |
| 70 | Bhutan | 24,00 | |
| - | Greece | 24,00 | |
| 72 | Nicaragua | 24,33 | |
| 73 | Maldives | 25,00 | |
| - | Seychelles | 25,00 | |
| 75 | Guinea-Bissau | 26,00 | |
| - | Senegal | 26,00 | |
| 77 | Armenia | 27,00 | |
| 78 | Kuwait | 28,00 | |
| 79 | Togo | 28,50 | |
| 80 | Serbia | 29,00 | |
| - | Bulgaria | 29,00 | |
| - | Chile | 29,00 | |
| - | Paraguay | 29,00 | |
| 84 | Kenya | 29,50 | |
| - | Madagascar | 29,50 | |
| 86 | Guinea | 30,00 | |
| - | Kosovo | 30,00 | |
| - | Timor-Leste | 30,00 | |
| - | Zambia | 30,00 | |
| 90 | Congo | 30,38 | |
| 91 | Benin | 31,00 | |
| 92 | Israel (Israeli territory) | 31,25 | |
| 93 | Lebanon | 31,50 | |
| 94 | Macedonia | 31,67 | |
| 95 | Dominican Republic | 33,25 | |
| 96 | Albania | 34,44 | |
| 97 | Cameroon | 35,00 | |
| - | Guatemala | 35,00 | |
| 99 | Brazil | 35,33 | |
| 100 | Mongolia | 35,75 | |
| 101 | Gabon | 36,50 | |
| 102 | Cyprus (North) | 37,00 | |
| 103 | Chad | 37,67 | |
| 104 | Ecuador | 38,00 | |
| - | Georgia | 38,00 | |
| 106 | Nepal | 38,75 | |
| 107 | Montenegro | 39,00 | |
| 108 | Bolivia | 40,00 | |
| - | Kyrgyzstan | 40,00 | |
| 110 | Liberia | 40,50 | |
| 111 | South Sudan | 41,25 | nc |
| 112 | United Arab Emirates | 45,00 | |
| 113 | Panama | 45,67 | |
| 114 | Qatar | 46,00 | |
| 115 | Peru | 51,25 | |
| 116 | Ukraine | 54,00 | |
| 117 | Cambodia | 55,00 | |
| - | Fiji | 55,00 | |
| - | Oman | 55,00 | |
| - | Venezuela | 55,00 | |
| - | Zimbabwe | 55,00 | |
| 122 | Algeria | 56,00 | |
| - | Tajikistan | 56,00 | |
| - | Malaysia | 56,00 | |
| 125 | Brunei | 56,20 | |
| 126 | Nigeria | 56,40 | |
| 127 | Ethiopia | 56,60 | |
| 128 | Jordan | 56,80 | |
| 129 | Bangladesh | 57,00 | |
| 130 | Burundi | 57,75 | |
| 131 | India | 58,00 | |
| 132 | Angola | 58,43 | |
| 133 | Israel (extra-territorial) | 59,00 | |
| 134 | Tunisia | 60,25 | |
| 135 | Singapore | 61,00 | |
| - | Honduras | 61,00 | |
| 137 | Thailand | 61,50 | |
| 138 | Morocco | 63,29 | |
| 139 | Uganda | 64,00 | |
| 140 | Philippines | 64,50 | |
| 141 | Gambia | 65,50 | |
| 142 | Russia | 66,00 | |
| 143 | Colombia | 66,50 | |
| 144 | Swaziland | 67,00 | |
| 145 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 67,67 | |
| 146 | Indonesia | 68,00 | |
| - | Malawi | 68,00 | |
| 148 | Turkey | 70,00 | |
| 149 | Mexico | 72,67 | |
| 150 | Afghanistan | 74,00 | |
| 151 | Pakistan | 75,00 | |
| 152 | Iraq | 75,36 | |
| 153 | Palestinian Territories | 76,00 | |
| 154 | Kazakhstan | 77,50 | |
| - | Libya | 77,50 | |
| 156 | Rwanda | 81,00 | |
| 157 | Uzbekistan | 83,00 | |
| 158 | Saudi Arabia | 83,25 | |
| 159 | Côte d’Ivoire | 83,50 | |
| - | Djibouti | 83,50 | |
| 161 | Equatorial Guinea | 86,00 | |
| 162 | Azerbaijan | 87,25 | |
| 163 | Sri Lanka | 87,50 | |
| 164 | Somalia | 88,33 | |
| 165 | Laos | 89,00 | |
| 166 | Egypt | 97,50 | |
| 167 | Cuba | 98,83 | |
| 168 | Belarus | 99,00 | |
| 169 | Burma | 100,00 | |
| 170 | Sudan | 100,75 | |
| 171 | Yemen | 101,00 | |
| 172 | Vietnam | 114,00 | |
| 173 | Bahrain | 125,00 | |
| 174 | China | 136,00 | |
| 175 | Iran | 136,60 | |
| 176 | Syria | 138,00 | |
| 177 | Turkmenistan | 140,67 | |
| 178 | North Korea | 141,00 | |
| 179 | Eritrea | 142,00 | |
5月3日是聯合國訂定的「世界新聞自由日」，美國「自由之家」(Freedom House)特別公布了2011年新聞自由報告(Freedom of the Press)；台灣的評分為25，仍被列為新聞自由國家，不過排名卻持續下滑，為全球第48名。
「自由之家」是美國政府提供資金所設立的非政府組織，專針對民主、政治自由及人權方面做研究；他們會以「美國的價值標準」，對全球各國進行自由程度的評估。
在2011年新聞自由報告中，全球新聞自由普遍下降，其中以拉丁美洲、東歐及前蘇聯共和國等最為明顯。台灣排名自2008年起逐年退步，由全球32名降至48名；自由之家指出，公視的董監事爭議、置入性行銷問題，以及對政黨報導的兩極化，是評分降低的主因。
不過台灣在亞太地區中算是「表現優異」的，南韓已從新聞自由國家轉變成「部分自由」，泰國則從部分自由變成「不自由」；此外，緬甸、北韓也持續被認定為「新聞最不自由」的2個國家，而中國大陸的評分仍然不佳，被歸列在新聞不自由國家。
在2011年的評比中，新聞自由度第一名為芬蘭，評分為10，第二名是挪威及瑞典，分數皆為11；至於全球新聞最不自由的10個國家，有白俄羅斯、緬甸、古巴、赤道幾內亞、厄立特里亞、伊朗、利比亞、北韓、土庫曼斯坦和烏茲別克。
Freedom House lowers Taiwan’s press ranking
LESS FREE:The nation has fallen five places in the world rankings since 2008 and DPP legislators were quick to link the decline with President Ma Ying-jeou’s taking office
Taiwan continued to drop down the list of countries with a free press, a new global study on press freedom shows.
In a survey released on Monday by the Washington-based think tank Freedom House, Taiwan ranked 48th in the world in press freedom last year. It ranked 47th in 2009 and 43rd in 2008.
The nation scored a total of 24 negative points compared with 23 in 2009 and 20 in each of the previous three years.
On a sliding scale, the fewer points a country scores, the freer its press is judged to be in the Freedom of the Press 2011 report.
In the Asia-Pacific region, Taiwan now ranks seventh, behind Palau, New Zealand, the Marshall Islands, Australia, Japan and Micronesia. As recently as 2007, it was ranked fourth in the region.
“Some journalists [in Taiwan] voiced fears that press freedom was backsliding in 2010,” the report said.
“A growing trend of marketing disguised as news reports, a proposed legal amendment that would limit descriptions of crime and violence in the media, and licensing obstacles all contributed to these concerns,” it said.
China could be playing a role in Taiwan’s decline, the report said.
“As commercial ties between Taiwan and mainland China deepened in 2010 with the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, press freedom advocates raised concerns that media owners and some journalists were whitewashing news about China to protect their own financial interests,” it said.
“Critics perceived Beijing’s influence in a column that ran on June 4 in the Want Daily newspaper. The column, which commemorated historical events on both sides of the Taiwan Straits [sic], failed to mention the military crackdown on protesters in Beijing on that date in 1989. The China Times Group, the parent of Want Daily, is owned by Tsai Eng-meng [蔡衍明], a businessman with significant commercial interests in mainland China,” the report said.
The report said press freedom in Taiwan had been “hard won” and that journalists were alarmed by a proposal to amend the Children and Youth Welfare Act (兒童及少年福利法).
“Journalists and press freedom advocates raised concerns that the law could be loosely interpreted to limit a broad range of legitimate reporting,” the report said.
It also said that some critics “questioned the fairness” of the broadcast licensing process.
“The National Communications Commission, which is tasked with awarding licenses, came under fire for setting roadblocks in the path of several media ventures,” it said.
“The commission repeatedly denied requests by Next Media, the parent of top-grossing news publications in Hong Kong and Taiwan, to launch a cable TV station. In rejecting the application, the Taiwanese regulatory body cited its doubts that Next TV would ‘fulfill the social responsibility’ expected of a broadcaster, an explanation that commentators noted was subjective and open to broad interpretation,” it said.
Freedom House said disputes continued to plague the Public Television Service, including one in which the president and executive vice president were dismissed.
“Their removals sparked concerns about government interference and the public television’s neutrality,” it said.
Freedom House said the issue of “embedded marketing,” or advertising passing off as news, came to the forefront in December when Dennis Huang (黃哲斌), a veteran reporter at the Chinese-language China Times, resigned in protest over the proliferation of paid -advertising masquerading as news reports in which both big business and government “buy positive coverage.”
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