〔記者施曉光/台北報導〕馬政府一再強調台灣國債狀況良好,但繼學者、「反貧困聯盟」質疑國家債務將「破表」後,監察院審計長林慶隆昨天在立法院答詢時明確警示,如果按照國際標準計算,台灣債務將達GDP的四十五%,超出公債法債限。
林慶隆列席立院院會報告九十九年度中央政府總決算審核報告及其他特別決算審核報告等案審核經過並備詢。
自償性債務未計入
國 民黨立委賴士葆詢問林慶隆,國債狀況嚴不嚴重?林慶隆指出,台灣國內債務金額近五兆元,平均每位國民要揹負二十萬元債務,雖未超過公債法規定,仍在GDP 四十%以內,但現行計算方式與國際標準不同,沒有把非營業基金的自償性債務計入,如果一併計算,大約還要再加四、五千億元債務,這樣就會達到GDP四十 五%。
賴士葆趕緊幫馬政府說話,強調歐美國家每年財政赤字佔GDP十%,反觀台灣不到二%,「我們應該還有舉債空間」,此時,林慶隆微調口徑說,雖然國債金額大,但還在財務規律中。
不過,國民黨立委黃義交質詢時,一反賴士葆的立場強調,根據學者統計,採國際標準來計算,台灣國債已超標,要求林慶隆扮「黑臉」。
中央地方債共13兆
林慶隆回應,我國公債法確實沒有和國際接軌,雖政府編列債務預算符合規定,但若採計國際標準,債務佔GDP比例還要增加好幾趴,許多潛藏性債務過去行政機關都不揭露,在審計部要求下才揭露,中央、地方共計高達十三兆元。明年決算時可以把國際標準也納入審核評估。
此 外,民進黨政府時期的新聞局,在九十六年曾以宣導入聯公投、整體施政傳播專案等名義要求各部會分攤經費,為此立法院曾決議要求各部會追回總計近兩億元的違 法動支經費,審計部決算時也將相關支用經費列於各部會應保留數,但至今已近四年,各部會沒有依立院決議向新聞局追回,成為呆帳,保留期限又將在今年底屆 滿。
林慶隆面對立委質詢時表示,監察院曾督促審計部要求各機關依法繳回,雖然各機關都有表述理由,但還是要持續追討。
立委詢問,依照「決算法」規定,這些應付保留數將在今年底屆滿保留期限,到時候該怎麼辦?林慶隆說,還是可以列帳,就像一些保留款還可以繼續列下去,並非法定上一定要做帳務註銷處理,「可以斟酌」。
---了解一下
自償性計畫債務舉借及控管要點 - 國立臺灣大學
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New forecasts for the government debt and budget balances of rich countries
AS THE euro area’s sovereign-debt crisis has gone from bad to worse, financial tensions now pose a grave threat not just to the European economy but beyond. Yet there is no simple gauge that explains why investors fret about some euro-zone economies while keeping faith with others that retain their own currencies. Judged by its towering gross sovereign-debt burden and its primary budget deficit (ie, excluding interest payments), as shown in IMF figures published on September 21st, Japan should be in the firing line. Instead its government continues to be able to borrow at extraordinarily low interest rates. One reason is that very little of the debt is held by foreign investors. Another is that, unusually, the government has big offsetting financial assets that bring down net debt to a more manageable 130% of GDP. Despite a relatively small primary deficit projected for this year, Greece is peculiarly vulnerable because of the scale of its indebtedness and the fact that so big a chunk of it is held abroad, a characteristic also shared by Ireland and Portugal, the two other bailed-out countries. As important, in joining the single currency, these economies lost the ability to reduce debt by inflation and to spur growth and competitiveness through devaluation. That makes investors fear that the only way to relieve oppressive debt burdens is through default.
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