美日廿年共同防禦.U.S.-Japan Set Road Map for Next 20 Years Amid Asian Threats / 美韩签署新防务协定

U.S. and Japan Agree to Broaden Military Alliance
By JENNIFER STEINHAUER and MARTIN FACKLER

The agreement, which includes a new missile defense system in Japan and coordination on cyberthreats, signals the United States' increased focus on Asia.

 

美韩签署新防务协定

面对朝鲜的核武以及其他大规模杀伤性武器的威胁，韩国同美国签署了一份新的防务协定。美韩在朝鲜半岛的军事指挥权原计划2015年由韩国接管，但现在必须重新评估。

美军和韩军进行军事演习（2013.04.25）

(德国之声中文网)周三（2013.10.02），美国和韩国的国防部长宣布，两国签署了新的防务协定。美国国防部长哈格尔（Chuck Hagel）在联合新闻会上表示，"我们尤为担心的是朝鲜的核武计划、弹道导弹计划、扩散武器的行为以及化学武器。鉴于以上忧虑存在，对来自朝鲜的核武以 及其他大规模杀伤性武器的威胁，必须采取有的放矢的震慑，我们今天签署了双边战略防卫协定。"新闻会上，哈格尔没有进一步阐述"有的放矢的震慑"究竟是什 么含义，只是说"他们增强了军事力量以及导弹的打击力度。因此，我们的战略也需要重新审核。"
据韩国媒体的报道，美韩新战略包括，如果朝鲜即将开始核打击的迹象明确无误，美韩将动用全部军事资源，启动防御性打击。不过，美国一名军界高层则驳回了以上打击的可能性，并指出，新战略不过是旨在扩大讨论的框架性文件，看使用哪些防御性武器可以更有威慑力的打击朝鲜。
今年2月，朝鲜进行了第3次核试爆，就在二个月前，该国成功试射了远程运载装置，朝鲜声称该装置将一枚卫星送入太空。朝鲜认为，向太空发射卫星是和平利用 太空计划的一部分，但该次行动却被广泛地看作是一次远程导弹的测试。朝鲜因为核武计划而受到联合国的严厉制裁，该国的武器交易和与此有关的资金转帐都被切 断。
目前有情报分析家指出，朝鲜又在重新启动设在宁边的苏式核反应堆，此前，该反应堆主要生产钚元素。有专家相信，朝鲜拥有的核材料可以制造10枚原子弹。通 过3次核试爆，人们相信朝鲜在制造核武方面取得了进步。但有专家认为，不清楚的是，朝鲜是否掌握了将炸弹微型化的技术，以便于运送。
美韩军事指挥交接可能推迟
美韩防长会谈后发布的声明还包括，双方将重新审核在朝鲜半岛美韩军事指挥交付韩国的计划。按原计划，2015年12月实现美韩指挥官权力交接，但韩国国内 担心的声音日益升高，这种背景下，权力交接的时间很可能推迟。首次对美韩联合军队指挥权交接的讨论开始于8年前。最初，人们将交接日定在2012年，后来 又被推迟到2015年，以便让韩国军队更好地进行筹备。

韩国总统和防长检阅军事仪仗表演（2013.10.01）

哈格尔本次对韩国访问长达4天，堪称纪录。结束访问前，他于周二出席观看了韩国军事仪仗队的表演。韩国军队演示了专门对付朝鲜迫击炮和导弹而自行设计的反制武器。11000名士兵、120架飞机以及190种武器参加了仪仗队表演。
朝鲜媒体则对韩国10年来最大规模的军事表演表示了愤怒。朝鲜国家媒体《劳动新闻》指出，韩国以此证明了"狂妄的敌意"，它同美国一道上演了一出"旨在对峙的马戏"，他们"破坏韩朝对话的目的由此暴露无余"。
李鱼综合报道
责编：苗子

U.S.-Japan Set Road Map for Next 20 Years Amid Asian Threats

By Indira A.R. Lakshmanan, Tony Capaccio & Isabel Reynolds - 2013-10-03T09:13:36Z

The U.S. said it would deploy new military hardware in Japan and reiterated its backing for Japanese control of islands disputed with China as the allies prepare for shifting security threats in the region.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel met their Japanese counterparts today in Tokyo and officially agreed to revise the guidelines for defense cooperation between the two nations for the first time since 1997. They formalized a deal to move some U.S. troops from Okinawa to Guam and plan to cooperate on cyber defense.
The U.S.-Japan alliance is the “cornerstone of peace and prosperity across the Asia-Pacific,” Kerry told reporters after the meeting. “Our relationship has never been stronger or better than it is today. We are continuing to adapt, however, to confront the different challenges of the 21st century,” he added, saying they would set a strategic road map for the next 15 to 20 years.
Kerry and Hagel met with Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida and Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera today, reconfirming the U.S. commitment “to the security of Japan through the full range of of U.S. military capabilities, including nuclear and conventional,” according to a joint statement from the two governments.

Defending Japan

The two countries pledged to create “a more robust alliance” as China boosts military spending and expands its naval reach, while North Korea is increasing the range of its ballistic missiles and threatening neighbors with nuclear attacks. Almost 70 years after the U.S. imposed a pacifist constitution on Japan, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s government is seeking to reinterpret the document to allow it to defend allies.
“I explained the Abe cabinet’s security policy based on active pacifism and this was welcomed by my U.S. counterparts,” Kishida told reporters today.
China has denounced the expansion of the alliance and what it says is a new Japanese militarism. Tensions between the two nations have remained high since Japan purchased three disputed islands in the East China Sea in September 2012. Since then Chinese patrol boats have regularly plied the waters near the islands known as Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China to challenge Japan’s claims of sovereignty.

Islands Dispute

“The United States has made it clear that, while we don’t take a position on the ultimate sovereignty of the Senkaku islands, we do recognize Japan’s administration of those islands,” Kerry said. “We urge the parties not to engage in any unilateral action,” he added. Kishida thanked him for his support.
Kerry said China had a role in pressuring North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons program. U.S. officials “acknowledge there will be differences” in the relationship “but we seek to to find the things we can cooperate on,” such as a shared interest in a denuclearized North Korea.
A “rising China is welcome as long as” it adheres to international standards and values and works in constructive ways, Kerry said. He added that the U.S. was prepared to engage with North Korea on the condition it is prepared to denuclearize.

Japan Radar

The U.S. also used the meeting to announce the location of a second missile-defense radar to be deployed in Japan and the two countries discussed existing plans to shift 5,000 marines from Okinawa to Guam as the U.S. seeks to reduce the impact of its forces on local communities. Under the plan, Japan will pay up to $3.1 billion of the estimated $8.6 billion total cost of the relocation, the two governments said in a statement.
The U.S. said in the statement it will rotate Global Hawk unmanned aircraft through Japan from 2014 and will deploy P-8 maritime patrol aircraft to Japan for the first time from December this year.
As part of a deeper alliance, the countries pledged to expand cooperation in fighting global terrorism and piracy and work together to provide humanitarian aid. Japan and the U.S. plan to work with private industry to counter cybersecurity threats and will seek to leverage space and satellite technology to enhance maritime security, the countries said in the joint statement.
Kerry and Hagel began their day with a visit to Chidorigafuchi, becoming the highest-ranking U.S. officials ever to visit the secular cemetery that honors Japanese war dead, including those who fought against the U.S. in World War II. Visits by Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni shrine in Tokyo, which honors war dead including some convicted of war crimes, have fueled tensions with China and South Korea, both of which suffered under Japanese occupation.
To contact the reporters on this story: Indira A.R. Lakshmanan in Tokyo at ilakshmanan@bloomberg.net; Tony Capaccio in Washington at acapaccio@bloomberg.net; Isabel Reynolds in Tokyo at ireynolds1@bloomberg.net