一般预期，中国将通过提高原料税取代出口配额。
中國稀土策略失敗？
2012/10/26
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中國約有300家稀土企業。據業內人士透露，約有25%的稀土精煉、加工企業停產，未停產企業的開工率也僅為3～4成。中國一名稀土企業負責人稱：“無視市場實際情況的稀土政策引發了不必要的混亂”。
中國稀土業界相關人士透露說“稀土出口的2成為黑市交易”。中國政府在2010年秋季東海撞船事件後事實上停止了稀土出口，以此為契機，稀土價格高漲，導致不具有開採和加工資格的企業蜂擁而上。
在中國2010年秋季加強對稀土的管理後，日本企業買不到用於製造高性能磁鐵的鏑，就無法生產混合動力車（HV）的馬達。當時日企90%以上的稀土都依賴中國，停止稀土出口使日企陷入不安。
2011年年初，中國政府把江西贛州稀土產地收歸國家管理，5月份又宣佈將江西等地稀土生產的80%以上集中到3家大企業。由於中國減少稀土出口，稀土價格出現暴漲。日本企業通過開發替代產品來削減稀土使用量，同時還擴大採購渠道，從澳大利亞和美國等國進口。
結果，中國產稀土需求出現銳減。2011年夏季達到最高點後價格開始下滑。中國為提振稀土價格于2012年4月成立了業界團體來加強稀土管理，8月又宣佈將國內稀土產能削減20%。
但是，這些措施沒能阻止需求下滑，今年1～6月期中國稀土出口量同比減少了約40%。日本稀土業內人士認為，今年稀土的對日出口量將從2011年的1.8萬噸減少至1萬噸，估計為10年來的最低水準。同時，稀土價格還在不斷下跌。
不少中國稀土企業已經開始認為政府應放棄加強稀土管理的方針，由市場來調控。
（多部田 俊輔）
2012.4.8
China sets up rare earth body to streamline the sector
China has been accused of pushing up rare earth prices by limiting their exports
China
has set up a rare earth association in a bid to streamline the sector's
development, as it continues to face criticism over its policies.
Beijing has imposed quotas on exports of rare earth elements, a move which its critics say has pushed up prices. Last month, the US, Japan and the European Union filed a case at the World Trade Organization, challenging China's restrictions.
China produces more than 95% of the world's rare earth elements.
Hardball?
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Su Bo Ministry of Industry and TechnologyChina will continue to clean up the rare earth industry, expand rare earth environmental controls, strengthen environmental checks, and implement stricter rare earth environmental policies”
These elements are critical
components in the manufacture of various high-tech products, including
DVDs, mobile phones, flatscreen TVs and hybrid batteries.
China's trading partners have alleged that Beijing has been
trying to utilise its position as the world's biggest producer of rare
earths to benefit domestic manufacturers. They have argued that by limiting exports, Beijing has kept prices low for domestic buyers, while international firms have had to pay more.
It's also claimed that Beijing was trying to put pressure on international manufacturers to move to China.
The state new agency Xinhua said the new association was likely to help with efforts to cope with international trade frictions and disputes.
'Clean up' China has denied these allegations and said that it imposed the restrictions to ensure that excessive mining of these elements did not cause environmental damage.
Su Bo, an industry vice minister, said Beijing is looking to further tighten its policies for the sector.
"China will continue to clean up the rare earth industry, expand rare earth environmental controls, strengthen environmental checks, and implement stricter rare earth environmental policies," Su was quoted as saying by the Xinhua news agency.
According to Xinhua, the association will have 155 members, including some of the biggest producers of rare earths, and report to the Ministry of Industry and Technology which regulates production of these elements.
Rare Earth Rebound
China's hold on these elements is over, a Canadian company to usurp.
WealthWire.com/Rare_Earth
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