2015年9月30日 星期三

日本败北 中国胜出 指中速鐵路夠用---印尼政府不決策、不行動......

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德国之声 29.09.2015 | 21:00 UTC
习近平:中国将加大海外维和投入
在周一的联合国大会一般性辩论中,习近平宣布中国将加强对联合国和平使命的参与,同时呼吁建立公平的国际秩序,许诺中国继续为发展中国家代言。
德语媒体:断章取义和试金石
《新苏黎世报》周二关注中国驻马来西亚大使被马政府召见一事,分析马来人和当地华人之间的紧张关系。另外,《南德意志报》则看到“新丝绸之路”的另一大作用。
长平观察:天堂里的“六四”悲歌
“天安门母亲”运动发起人之一蒋培坤去世。时评人长平认为,只要还有一天,世界不能直面“六四”,人类就难以奢谈公平正义。
专访:默克尔还"有救"吗?
默克尔总理作出姿态欢迎大批战争难民,全世界表示惊讶,德国也不理解。这会给她的政治生涯造成隐患吗?德国之声为此走访了政治学家法尔特教授。
美国大动作制裁“IS”领袖和帮凶
继周一英国向联合国提交制裁名单、打击“伊斯兰国”后,美国周二也表示对一批和该恐怖组织有关的人员实施制裁。而这些人员来自多个国家,说明“他们带来的威胁具有高度国际化的特点”。
印尼铁路竞标 日本败北 中国胜出
印尼本月初突然宣布将原定的万隆-雅加达高铁项目改为性价比更优的中速铁路项目,而主要竞标方依旧是中国与日本。本周二,日本政府透露,日本已经在竞标中败北,而赢家则是中国。印尼官方暂时还没有正式确认这一消息。





Indonesia has scrapped a $6 billion high-speed rail plan. The country’s leaders are stifling the country with indecision and inaction http://econ.st/1OfGiIa


THE currency has fallen by over a tenth against the dollar this year, and Indonesian shares are near bear-market territory. Foreign trade is down by a fifth compared...
ECON.ST




印尼當局昨表示,印尼決定取消國內首條高鐵計劃,並要求本來競爭承辦高鐵項目的中國和日本,提交興建一條時速為200至250公里中速鐵路的新工程方案。印尼總統佐科認為,印尼並不需要時速超過300公里的高鐵。印尼經濟部長Darmin Nasution對傳媒表示:「總統決定不興建高鐵,中速鐵路經已足夠。」

印尼當局昨表示,印尼決定取消國內首條高鐵計劃,並要求本來競爭承辦...
THESTANDNEWS.COM

紐西蘭東北方克馬德克海洋保護區(Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary)

紐西蘭總理基伊(John Key)28日在聯合國大會宣布一項令環保生態團體額手稱慶的決策:在紐西蘭東北方克馬德克群島(Kermadec Islands)附近海域,劃設一個廣達62萬平方公里(17個台灣)的海洋保護區──克馬德克海洋保護區(Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary)。
這片海域是紐西蘭的專屬經濟區(EEZ),佔該國EEZ約15%,面積比法國本土還大,也是目前全世界最原始純淨、最獨特的海洋環境。基伊說:「克馬德克海洋保護區將是全世界面積最大、保護最完整的區域之一,為海鳥、鯨豚、瀕危的海龜與數千種魚類和其他海洋生物,保住重要的棲息地。」
克馬德克海洋保護區(世界自然基金會紐西蘭分會)
克馬德克海洋保護區(世界自然基金會紐西蘭分會)
基伊並指出:「除了擁有包羅萬象的海洋生物,就地理與地質的多樣化而言,克馬德克海域在全球數一數二……它有全世界最長的海底火山弧(volcanic arc),還有第二深的海溝,深度達10公里。」
克馬德克海洋保護區(美聯社)
克馬德克海洋保護區(美聯社)
保護區劃設之後,區內將完全禁止漁撈(年漁獲量約20噸)和採礦(蘊藏銀礦)。好萊塢大導演卡麥隆(James Cameron)、美國國務卿凱瑞(John Kerry)與對沖基金富豪羅伯遜(Julian Robertson)都曾敦促紐西蘭政府加強保護克馬德克海域,生物學家至今仍持續在當地發現新的物種。
克馬德克海域的特有魚類(維基百科)
克馬德克海域的特有魚類(維基百科)
生物學家估計,克馬德克海域擁有39種(600萬隻海鳥)、150多種魚類、35種鯨豚、3種瀕危海龜。其海床散布30座海底火山,還有一條可以吞沒聖母峰的克馬德克海溝(Kermadec Trench)。
克馬德克群島最大島拉烏爾島(Raoul Island)(維基百科)
克馬德克群島最大島拉烏爾島(Raoul Island)(維基百科)
克馬德克群島位於紐西蘭北島(North Island)東北方800至1000公里,主要島嶼有4座,總面積33平方公里,除了最大島拉烏爾島(Raoul Island)之外都是無人居住的火山島。
近年來許多國家在太平洋劃設保護區,至今涵蓋面積超過350萬平方公里。世界自然基金會(WWF)紐西蘭分會執行長霍威(Chris Howe)說:「我們肯定政府採取果決行動,保護這個極為特別的區域,不受採礦和漁撈的侵害。這項決策讓紐西蘭成為全球海洋保護的先驅國家。」



風傳媒
克馬德克海洋保護區將是全世界面積最大、保護最完整的區域之一,為海鳥、鯨豚、瀕危的海龜與數千種魚類和其他海洋生物,保住重要的棲息地。

中國硬著陸,恐引爆系統性風險

【中國硬著陸,恐引爆系統性風險】
9月3日,不出眾人意料,中國北京天空出現了「閱兵藍」,在如此虛幻的藍天下,解放軍昂首闊步通過天安門,接受中國國家主席習近平的校閱,營造出一幅仿若漢唐盛世般的榮景,確實讓不少中國百姓沸騰了。
拉動GDP的消費、投資、出口三輛馬車全失靈,中國經濟僅靠政府投資硬撐場。 在財經專家一片看壞之際,中國政府卻宣布成功「保七」,更多人相信硬著陸已經上演了。

2015年9月29日 星期二

Pope, Trump and Putin eclipse Xi in US

The Chinese president did receive blanket coverage at home, at least.

The Chinese leader found himself outgunned at every turn by three of the world’s most compelling media figures — Pope Francis, Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin.
ON.FT.COM

東協ASEN現場直擊【天下雜誌】

【本期最新出刊】東協現場直擊
2015年,原本該是東協經濟共同體(AEC)歡喜的驗收年,卻遭逢近20年最嚴峻的挑戰。貨幣貶值、原物料價格暴跌,使得全球第三大人口經濟體的起飛,危險顛簸。
後2015年,中、美、日列強角力加劇,東協是得利,還是受害?東協會是台商從中國大陸撤退後,南向稱王的新樂園嗎?《天下》前進越南、柬埔寨、印尼、緬甸,連續兩期見證東協的危險起飛。
2015年,原本該是東協經濟共同體(AEC)歡喜的驗收年,卻遭逢近20年...
CW.COM.TW|作者:天下雜誌

Facebook為印度窮人提供免費網絡引爭議 Protecting the Internet, but Depriving India's Poor

LETTER FROM INDIA

Protecting the Internet, but Depriving India's Poor

印度來信

Facebook為印度窮人提供免費網絡引爭議

New Delhi — The last time Prime Minister Narendra Modivisited the United States, he stood with Hugh “Wolverine” Jackman and declared, for some reason, “May the force be with you.” This month, when he meets the Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg in Menlo Park, Calif., Indians hope their leader won’t yell, “Don’t be evil.”
新德里——印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)上一次訪問美國時曾和「金剛狼」休·傑克曼(Hugh Jackman)同台,出於某種原因,他說了一句「願原力與你同在」。本月,當他和Facebook創始人馬克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)在加州的門洛帕克市見面時,印度民眾希望自己的領導人別喊出「不作惡」來。
But if he does end up shouting Google’s motto in Facebook’s headquarters, some Indians would be pleased. For that is what they wish to tell Facebook.
但如果他最後真的在Facebook總部說出這句谷歌(Google)格言,有一部分印度人會比較高興。因為這正是他們想對Facebook說的。
Mr. Modi wants every Indian to get online, and Mr. Zuckerberg has figured out a way to do this. But the Modi government has been under pressure from the minority of Indians who consume most of the nation’s bandwidth to pass legislation that would deny free Internet access to the poor.
莫迪想讓所有印度人都用上網絡,扎克伯格想到了一個實現的方法。但莫迪政府受到來自少數印度民眾的壓力,這些人享用着印度大部分帶寬,卻想要通過一項不給窮人提供上網途徑的法案。
Facebook首席執行官馬克·扎克伯格。
Jonathan Ernst/Reuters
Facebook首席執行官馬克·扎克伯格。
In February, Facebook and its partners introduced Internet.org in India, a diminished but free Internet for the more than 100 million mobile subscribers of Reliance Communications. More than 75 percent of Indians do not use or have access to the Internet, but almost every Indian has a mobile phone. So, millions of Indians now have access, in seven languages, to dozens of websites and applications, including BBC News, Wikipedia and, of course, Facebook.
今年2月,Facebook及其合作夥伴將Internet.org引入了印度,它可以讓印度信實通信公司(Reliance Communications)的1億手機用戶享受到不完整但卻完全免費的網絡。超過75%印度人不上網或沒有上網途徑,但他們幾乎人手一部手機。所以,現在有數百萬印度人可以瀏覽幾十種網站和應用,包括BBC新聞、Wikipedia,當然還有Facebook,這些服務有七種語言可以選擇。
Internet.org would not have drawn much rage if not for something else that was going on. Weeks after the initiative emerged, an Indian telecom operator tried to introduce a service that would make it free or cheap or faster for people to gain access to some applications that have a commercial agreement with the operator.
如果不是因為還有一些其他的事,Internet.org不會引起太多怨憤。這一計劃推出幾周後,一家印度通信運營商試圖引入一項服務,可以讓人們免費或以更低的價格或更快的速度下載一些與該運營商有商業協議的應用。
There is a global movement against strategies that corrupt the open nature of the Internet, and Indians joined the lament. The movement ended up including Internet for the poor among the offending telecom strategies. This was a flawed, principled stand. And it fit well in the history of the Indian elite deploying ideology to the detriment of the poor — central planning instead of a market economy, a focus on higher education over primary education and rocket science over virology.
目前全球在進行一場運動,反對破壞互聯網開放屬性的策略,印度也加入了控訴的一方。這場運動最終把為窮人提供網絡列為不合理的電信策略。這是一個有缺陷的、堅持原則的立場。它與印度精英階層宣傳對窮人不利的意識形態的歷史一脈相承,這些人強調中央計劃,而非市場經濟;重視高等教育大過基礎教育;重視火箭科學大過病毒研究。
Mr. Zuckerberg has been at pains to tell Indians that his offer of free Internet to the poor does not violate any ethics. Facebook does not charge for any application that wishes to be on Internet.org, and it does not post ads on the Facebook pages of the users. Also, the company does not pay Reliance to provide the free service. Mr. Zuckerberg has said that any telecom operator would be allowed to carry Internet.org. A Facebook spokesman told me, “We are actively in discussions with other mobile phone operators in India.”
扎克伯格一直在竭力讓印度人明白,他給貧窮階層提供的免費網絡服務並不違反任何道德準則。Facebook不向任何希望出現在Internet.org上的應用收費,不在用戶的Facebook頁面上發廣告。而且,Facebook也不為信實通信公司提供的免費網絡服務買單。扎克伯格已經表示,任何通信運營商都可以為其用戶提供Internet.org的免費應用。一位Facebook發言人告訴我,「我正在積極地和印度的其他手機運營商進行商談。」
He said that “more than 40 percent of those coming online via” Internet.org are so intoxicated by the idea of connectivity that they soon pay the telecom operator for data and enjoy the full expanse of online life. So, the telecom operator has commercial rewards in offering an exceptional social service. It is an idea that can transform India.
他表示,通過Internet.org免費應用接觸到網絡後,有「超過40%的人都非常沉醉於聯網的感覺,會很快給通信運營商付費購買流量,以享受完整的網絡樂趣。所以,通信運營商在提供一項傑出的社會服務的同時,也可以獲得商業回報。這是一個可以改變印度面貌的觀念。
The elite Indian condemnation of Internet for the poor is cloaked in righteous objections. For instance, that it is “restrictive,” thereby violating the fundamental spirit of the web. But Internet.org is limited because data is expensive, not because it promotes some websites over others. In fact, it is paid Internet that is restrictive because it denies the web to those who cannot pay.
印度精英階層反對為貧窮階層提供網絡,有一些表面看似正當的理由。比如,他們指責它是「限制性的」,因此違反互聯網的基本精神。但Internet.org之所以有所限制,是因為數據太昂貴,而不是為優先推廣某些網站。事實上,真正有限制的是付費互聯網,因為它們把不能付費的人擋在了門外。
Another objection is that the poor would think Facebook is the Internet as many in other nations do. But then in India “xerox” is a verb that means photocopying, and many think the Internet is an American company. If the whole world were surveyed, it would come across as generally ill informed. Many are ignorant because they never had the opportunities, like being connected, to be informed.
他們反對的另一個理由是,印度貧窮階層會和其他國家的許多人一樣,認為Facebook就代表互聯網。但在印度,「xerox」只是意為「複印」的動詞,不代表施樂公司,還有很多人認為「互聯網」就是一個美國公司。如果在全球進行問卷調查,印度人會給人以孤陋寡聞的印象。很多人那麼無知,是因為他們沒有機會接觸網絡等獲取新知的途徑。
Also, there is a view that free Internet is just a ploy by Facebook to capture new markets. The history of modern India is proof that corporate self-interest is often more useful to society than altruism.
還有一種觀點認為,網絡只是Facebook為了佔領新市場而策劃的陰謀。現代印度發展的歷史證明,企業的自利往往比利他主義對社會更有益。
Mr. Modi, instead of banishing Internet.org, may consider uploading government websites on it. Facebook is discussing that possibility with his team.
莫迪可能會把印度政府網站放在Internet.org上,而不是驅逐它。Facebook正和他的團隊就這一可能進行討論。
歡迎在Twitter上關注作者馬努·約瑟夫 @manujosephsan,他著有小說《他人的不正當幸福》(The Illicit Happiness of Other People) 。
翻譯:常青

2015年9月27日 星期日

India Takes Over From China as Next U.S. Tech Frontier

India Takes Over From China as Next U.S. Tech Frontier

With China’s president unwavering on tough Internet policies, Narendra Modi of India is sending a different message: Help India become an Internet powerhouse.

習奧會成果未達預期,關鍵議題分歧難消 Obama and Xi Jinping of China Agree to Steps on Cybertheft

Obama and Xi Jinping of China Agree to Steps on Cybertheft

習奧會成果未達預期,關鍵議題分歧難消

WASHINGTON — President Obama and President Xi Jinping of China took their first concrete steps on Friday toward reining in the rising threat of cyberattacks between the world’s two largest economies, pledging that their governments would refrain from computer-enabled theft of intellectual property for commercial gain even as Mr. Obama suggested that he might still impose sanctions if rampant Chinese hacking persisted.
華盛頓——美國總統奧巴馬和中國國家主席習近平,周五為遏制這兩個世界最大經濟體之間,日益加劇的網絡攻擊威脅,採取了第一步切實的努力,宣稱兩國政府將進行克制,不為了商業利益而利用電腦竊取知識產權。不過奧巴馬仍然提出,如果中國猖獗的黑客行為持續下去,他可能還是會採取制裁。
With Mr. Xi standing beside him at a Rose Garden news conference, Mr. Obama said the two had reached a “common understanding” that neither the United States nor China should engage in state-sponsored cyberintrusions to poach intellectual property, and that they would together seek “international rules of the road for appropriate conduct in cyberspace.”
在白宮玫瑰園舉行的新聞發佈會上,習近平與他並肩站立。奧巴馬錶示,兩人已經達成「共識」,美國和中國都不應該為了竊取知識產權,而開展政府支持的網絡入侵行為,雙方將共同尋求「就網絡空間的適當行為方式,達成國際規則」。
But Mr. Obama said that he had told the Chinese president during two hours of meetings at the White House that the escalating cycle of cyberattacks against American targets “has to stop,” warning Mr. Xi that the United States would go after and punish perpetrators of those offenses through traditional law enforcement tools and, potentially, with sanctions.
但奧巴馬稱,他在白宮舉行的長達兩小時的會晤中,曾對習近平表示,針對美國目標發動的日益加劇的網絡攻擊「必須停止」,他還警告習近平,美國將會通過傳統的執法手段,追查並懲罰那些入侵行為的實施者,而且可能採取制裁措施。
周五,在白宮的歡迎儀式上,奧巴馬總統和習近平主席向孩子們致意。兩位領導人隨後進行了兩個小時的會談。
Doug Mills/The New York Times
周五,在白宮的歡迎儀式上,奧巴馬總統和習近平主席向孩子們致意。兩位領導人隨後進行了兩個小時的會談。
“The question now is, ‘Are words followed by actions?’ ”Mr. Obama said of China’s commitments on cyberthreats. “And we will be watching carefully to make an assessment as to whether progress has been made in this area.”
「現在的問題是,表態之後是否有行動?」奧巴馬談到中國對網絡攻擊做出的承諾時說。「我們會密切關注,並評估這一領域是否取得了進展。」
It was the third set of meetings between Mr. Obama and Mr. Xi in the last three years, and it came at a potential pivot point in United States-China relations, with the Obama administration determined to find areas where it can cooperate with Beijing but increasingly wary of its behavior. Besides their meeting at the White House, the two presidents spent more than two and a half hours together Thursday night at a private dinner at Blair House, across from the White House.
這是奧巴馬和習近平在過去三年里開展的第三輪會談。此次會談舉行之際,美中關係可能也走到了一個轉折點:奧巴馬政府決心尋找一些可以與北京方面合作的領域,但對中方的行動卻日益警惕。除了在白宮舉行的會晤之外,這兩位國家領導人周四晚間還在白宮對面的布萊爾國賓館(Blair House),花超過兩個半小時共進晚餐。
At their news conference, both Mr. Obama and Mr. Xi made an effort to demonstrate that they had made progress on curbing cyberattacks, even as they skirted direct references to some of the most contentious issues, including the United States’ claim that China was behind the theft of security dossiers on roughly 22 million Americans from the Office of Personnel Management.
在新聞發佈會上,奧巴馬和習近平努力展示他們在約束網絡攻擊方面取得了進展,不過他們並沒有直接提及一些爭議最嚴重的議題,包括美國聲稱,人事管理辦公室(Office of Personnel Management)約2200萬名美國人的安全檔案被竊,系中國主使的指控。
“Confrontation and friction are not the right choice,” Mr. Xi said. “Confrontation will lead to losses on both sides.”
「對抗摩擦不是正確選項,」習近平說。「合則兩利,斗則雙輸。」
The pledge on cybersecurity — a hard-fought and not entirely expected bit of progress that was still under negotiation until the final hours before the two presidents met — came as Mr. Obama and Mr. Xi sought to spotlight their cooperation on the world stage.
奧巴馬和習近平對網絡安全做出承諾之時,雙方都尋求在世界舞台上展示二者的合作。由於雙方在這個議題上有激烈交鋒,外界並沒有料到這裡會取得什麼進展——談判一直持續到了兩位領導人會面前的最後幾個小時。
They hailed progress on climate change, with Mr. Xi announcing a new commitment to start a national cap-and-trade system in 2017 to curb greenhouse gas emissions, and both countries outlining ambitious goals for reaching a global climate pact at a December summit meeting in Paris, including winning commitments from every country to reduce emissions. They also celebrated their cooperation on the nuclear accord with Iran and said they were both committed to pressing ahead against the North Korean nuclear problem, which has defied solution for more than 20 years.
他們強調了在氣候變化領域取得的進展,習近平宣布了一項新承諾,即在2017年建立起一個全國性的碳排放交易系統,遏制溫室氣體的排放。為了在12月於巴黎舉行的峰會上達成全球氣候公約,兩國還提出了一些宏大的目標,包括爭取每個國家都做出減排承諾。他們還展示了雙方在伊朗核協議方面的合作,並表示雙方都將努力推進,應對朝鮮核問題。朝核問題久拖不決已經超過20年。
But there was ample evidence, even as Mr. Obama welcomed Mr. Xi with a 21-gun salute and a state dinner on Friday night, that the two nations remain deeply at odds on key issues.
儘管奧巴馬以21響禮炮歡迎習近平,並在周五晚間舉行國宴款待,但是仍然有大量證據顯示,這兩個國家在一些關鍵議題上存在很深的分歧。
Speaking in the Rose Garden, they clashed over China’s reclamation of islands in the South China Sea, which Mr. Xi defiantly defended, suggesting that China’s buildup on artificial islands in the strategic waterway would move ahead and flatly denying that it was militarizing any territory.
在白宮玫瑰園裡講話時,二人就中國在南海造島的做法唇槍舌劍,習近平不滿地做出了辯護,稱中國對這些處在戰略性航路上的人工島嶼開展的建設行為將會繼續下去,還斷然否認了會將任何土地用于軍事目的的說法。
Mr. Obama said he told Mr. Xi that he had “significant concerns” over the activities, “which makes it harder for countries in the region to resolve disagreements peacefully.” While the United States has no territorial claim in the waters, he added, “we just want to make sure that the rules of the road are upheld.”
奧巴馬稱,他告訴習近平,自己對那些活動「有着極大的擔憂」,稱那些活動會「讓地區內各國更難和平地解決分歧」。奧巴馬又補充道,雖然美國在那片海域沒有領土主張,「我們只是想確保行動規則能夠得到遵守」。
The Chinese president stuck to his guns, bluntly asserting, “We have the right to uphold our own territorial sovereignty and lawful and legitimate maritime rights and interests.” Mr. Xi said China’s construction activities “do not target or impact any country, and China does not intend to pursue militarization.”
習近平毫不讓步,直白地聲稱,「我們有權維護自己的領土主權和合法正當的海洋權益」。習近平說,中國的建設活動「不針對、不影響任何國家,也無意搞軍事化」。
The exchange underscored the degree to which Mr. Xi has in many ways confounded Mr. Obama’s hopes and expectations.
這段對話顯示了習近平在很多方面違背了奧巴馬的希望和期待。
“As the most powerful leader in China in decades, Mr. Xi presented an opportunity for greater collaboration,” said Bonnie S. Glaser, senior adviser on Asia at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Instead, he “turned out to be an ultranationalist, bent on achieving the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation even if it meant damaging ties with the U.S. as well as China’s neighbors.”
「作為中國幾十年來權力最大的領導人,習近平帶來了一個開展更大合作的機遇,」國際戰略研究中心(Center for Strategic and International Studies)亞洲問題高級顧問邦妮·S·格拉澤(Bonnie S. Glaser)評價。可他原來是「一個極端民族主義者,極力要實現民族復興的中國夢,哪怕這意味着破壞與美國的關係,以及中國與鄰國的關係。」
In another point of friction, Mr. Obama said he had deep concerns over human rights in China, describing what sounded like a lecture he had given to Mr. Xi about the issue.
在另一個存在摩擦的問題上,奧巴馬錶示他對中國的人權狀況懷有深切的擔憂,其言辭彷彿是在給習近平上人權課。
“I expressed in candid terms our strong views that preventing journalists, lawyers, NGOs and civil society groups from operating freely, or closing churches or denying ethnic minorities equal treatment, are all problematic in our view, and actually prevent China and its people from realizing its full potential,” Mr. Obama said, using an acronym for nongovernmental organizations, which face strict restrictions under proposed legislation in China.
「我用坦率的措辭表達了以下強烈的觀點:不允許記者、律師、非政府組織、公民團體自由活動,關閉教堂、不允許少數民族享有同等待遇,這些做法在我們看來都是有問題的,這實際上也妨礙了中國及其民眾完全發揮自己的潛能,」奧巴馬錶示。中國擬議的立法草案對非政府組織做出了嚴格的限制。
The stern message elicited only a generic response from Mr. Xi, who said democracy and human rights were “the common procedure of mankind,” but then added, “We must recognize that countries have different historical processes and realities, that we need to respect people of all countries in the right to choose their own development independently.”
奧巴馬做出這一嚴厲表態之後,習近平只是泛泛地回應,「民主和人權是人類共同追求」。他又緊接着表示,「同時必須承認各國有不同歷史進程和現實國情,尊重各國人民自主選擇本國發展道路的權利。」
Even the agreement on cybersecurity left room for differences. The United States and China said they would cooperate with requests to investigate cybercrimes and, according to a White House fact sheet, “mitigate malicious cyberactivity emanating from their territory.” But while Mr. Obama said they had agreed on “the principle that governments don’t engage in cyberespionage for commercial gain against companies,” Mr. Xi said nothing of computer-enabled spying, speaking only of “cybercrime,” a narrower formulation.
即使是網絡安全領域達成的共識也給分歧留下了空間。白宮的一份情況說明稱,兩國表示將就調查網絡犯罪的請求開展合作,「緩解威脅兩國領土的惡意網絡活動」。然而儘管奧巴馬錶示,他們就「政府不應出於商業利益,針對企業開展網絡間諜活動這一原則」達成了共識,習近平並沒有談到利用電腦開展的間諜活動,而只是說「網絡犯罪」,這一表述的範圍更窄。
The two countries also embraced a United Nations accord, adopted in July, that commits the signatories not to target one another’s critical infrastructure — such as power plants, cellphone networks and financial transactions — in peacetime. But that leaves open many questions, since there are many definitions of what constitutes critical infrastructure.
兩國也都支持了聯合國於7月通過的一項條約,要求締約國不得在和平時期攻擊各自的關鍵基礎設施,如發電廠、移動通信網絡和金融交易系統。但它也遺留了很多問題,如哪些設施屬於關鍵基礎設施就存在很多定義。
The morning began with an elaborate White House welcome, complete with cannons reverberating across the South Lawn as a military band played “March of Volunteers,” the anthem of the People’s Republic of China since the 1949 revolution, and “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The two leaders strolled across the grass reviewing neat rows of troops, then stopped to shake hands with crowds of children waving American and Chinese flags, including some who attend Washington Yu Ying Academy, a Chinese immersion school.
早上第一個環節是白宮的歡迎儀式,禮炮在南草坪的一側鳴響,軍樂隊演奏了1949年革命後成立的中華人民共和國的國歌《義勇軍進行曲》和美國國歌《星條旗》(The Star-Spangled Banner)。兩位領導人走過草坪,檢閱了整齊有致的儀仗隊,之後與揮舞着美中兩國國旗的兒童握手。這些兒童包括華盛頓育英學校(Washington Yu Ying Academy)的學生,這所學校提供中文沉浸式教育。
Later, they announced a “One Million Strong” initiative that aims to have a million American students learning Mandarin by 2020.
之後,他們公布了一項「百萬強」(One Million Strong)計劃,目標是到2020年時,讓100萬名美國學生學習漢語。
Both pro- and anti-China protesters were kept a block from the White House throughout the meeting, and the day’s events went off without an incident like the heckling that so angered the Chinese when President George W. Bush hosted Mr. Xi’s predecessor, Hu Jintao, in 2006.
在會晤期間,支持和反對中國政府的抗議者都被攔到了白宮周邊一個街區之外,白天的活動期間沒有發生2006年那樣的事件。那一年,在喬治·W·布殊(George W. Bush)總統迎接上一任中國主席胡錦濤時,有抗議者鬧場,令中方十分惱火。
Jane Perlez對本文有報道貢獻。

教宗與習近平在聯合國演講的照片 Feted in China, Xi's US profile dims in shadow of pope


我是偶爾看CNN。本周在美國,教宗/教皇與無神論共產黨頭頭各領風騷。怪的是,我看到的節目,都屬前者。後者據說FB粉絲55萬,大放送.....


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